Oxidative stress plays a key role in physiological and pathological processes occurring in the skin, leading to damage to lipids, proteins, and other cellular structures. Reliable markers of oxidative changes in the stratum corneum include lipid peroxidation products such as malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal, as well as carbonylated proteins. In recent years, particular attention has been paid to obtaining biological material for research using non-invasive methods that do not disrupt tissue integrity, allowing for an accurate evaluation of the superficial epidermal oxidative status under physiological conditions and after exposure to environmental factors. This review summarizes the properties of key oxidation products, their biological significance, and the possibilities for their detection using the tape stripping technique, with particular emphasis on its technical and analytical limitations.